Part I Basic Tools in Routine Evaluation of Cardiac Patients
Chapter 1
* History Taking * Gestational and Natal History * Postnatal History * Family History
Chapter 2
* Physical Examination * Growth Pattern * Inspection * Palpation * Blood Pressure Measurement * Auscultation * Some Special Features of the Cardiac Examination of Neonates
Chapter 3
* Electrocardiography * What Is the Vectorial Approach? * Comparison of Pediatric and Adult Electrocardiograms * Basic Measurements and Their Normal and Abnormal Values Necessary for Routine Interpretation of an Electrocardiogram * Ventricular Hypertrophy * Ventricular Conduction Disturbances * ST-Segment and T-Wave Changes
Chapter 4
* Chest Roentgenography * Heart Size and Silhouette * Evaluation of Cardiac Chambers and Great Arteries * Pulmonary Vascular Markings * Systematic Approach
Chapter 5
* Flow Diagrams
Part II Special Tools in Evaluation of Cardiac Patients
Chapter 6
* Noninvasive Techniques * Echocardiography * Stress Testing * Long-Term ECG Recording * Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring
Chapter 7
* Invasive Procedures * Cardiac Catheterization and Angiocardiography* Catheter Intervention Procedures
Part III Pathophysiology
Chapter 8
* Fetal and Perinatal Circulation * Fetal Circulation * Changes in Circulation after Birth * Premature Newborns
Chapter 9
* Pathophysiology of Left-to-Right Shunt Lesions * Atrial Septal Defect * Ventricular Septal Defect * Patent Ductus Arteriosus * Endocardial Cushion Defect
Chapter 10
* Pathophysiology of Obstructive and Valvular Regurgitation Lesions * Obstruction to Ventricular Output * Stenosis of Atrioventricular Valves * Valvular Regurgitant Lesions
Chapter 11
* Pathophysiology of Cyanotic Congenital Heart Defects * Clinical Cyanosis * Common Cyanotic Heart Defects
Part IV Specific Congenital Heart Defects
Chapter 12
* Left-to-Right Shunt Lesions * Atrial Septal Defect * Ventricular Septal Defect * Management * Patent Ductus Arteriosus * Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Preterm Neonates * Complete Endocardial Cushion Defect * Partial Endocardial Cushion Defect * Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return
Chapter 13
* Obstructive Lesions * Pulmonary Stenosis * Aortic Stenosis * Coarctation of the Aorta * Interrupted Aortic Arch
Chapter 14
* Cyanotic Congenital Heart Defects * Approach to a Cyanotic Neonate * Complete Transposition of the Great Arteries * Congenitally Corrected Transposition of the Great Arteries * Tetralogy of Fallot * Tetralogy of Fallot with Pulmonary Atresia (Pulmonary Atresia and Ventricular Septal Defect) * Tetralogy of Fallot with Absent Pulmonary Valve * Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return * Tricuspid Atresia * Pulmonary Atresia with Intact Ventricular Septum * Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome * Ebstein's Anomaly * Persistent Truncus Arteriosus * Single Ventricle * Double-Outlet Right Ventricle * Heterotaxia (Atrial Isomerism, Splenic Syndromes) * Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn
Chapter 15
* Vascular Ring * Prevalence * Pathology * Clinical Manifestations * Diagnosis * Management
Chapter 16
* Chamber Localization and Cardiac Malposition * Chamber Localization * Dextrocardia and Mesocardia
Chapter 17
* Miscellaneous Congenital Cardiac Conditions * Aneurysm of the Sinus of Valsalva * Anomalous Origin of the Left Coronary Artery from the Pulmonary Artery (Bland-White-Garland Syndrome, ALCAPA Syndrome) * Aortopulmonary Septal Defect * Arteriovenous Fistula, Coronary * Arteriovenous Fistula, Pulmonary * Arteriovenous Fistula, Systemic * Atrial Septal Aneurysm * Cervical Aortic Arch * Common Atrium * Cor Triatriatum * DiGeorge Syndrome * Double-Chambered Right Ventricle * Ectopia Cordis * Hemitruncus Arteriosus * Idiopathic Dilation of the Pulmonary Artery * Kartagener Syndrome * Parachute Mitral Valve * Patent Foramen Ovale * Pericardial Defect, Congenital * Pseudocoarctation of the Aorta * Pulmonary Artery Stenosis * Scimitar Syndrome * Systemic Venous Anomalies
Part V Acquired Heart Disease
Chapter 18
* Primary Myocardial Disease * Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy * Infants of Diabetic Mothers * Transient Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in Neonates * Dilated or Congestive Cardiomyopathy * Endocardial Fibroelastosis * Doxorubicin Cardiomyopathy * Carnitine Deficiency * Restrictive Cardiomyopathy * Right Ventricular Dysplasia * Noncompaction Cardiomyopathy
Chapter 19
* Cardiovascular Infections * Infective Endocarditis * Myocarditis * Pericarditis * Constrictive Pericarditis * Kawasaki Disease * Lyme Carditis * Postpericardiotomy Syndrome * Postperfusion Syndrome * Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Chapter 20
* Acute Rheumatic Fever * Prevalence * Cause * Pathology * Clinical Manifestations Diagnosis * Differential Diagnosis * Clinical Course * Management * Prognosis * Prevention
Chapter 21
* Valvular Heart Disease * Mitral Stenosis * Mitral Regurgitation * Aortic Regurgitation * Clinical Manifestations * Mitral Valve Prolapse
Chapter 22
* Cardiac Tumors * Prevalence * Pathology * Clinical Manifestations * Management
Chapter 23
* Cardiovascular Involvement in Systemic Diseases * Mucopolysaccharidoses * Systemic Lupus Erythematosus * Rheumatoid Arthritis * Friedreich's Ataxia * Muscular Dystrophy * Myotonic Dystrophy * Marfan Syndrome * Acute Glomerulonephritis * Hyperthyroidism: Congenital and Acquired * Hypothyroidism: Congenital and Acquired * Sickle Cell Anemia
Part VI Arrhythmias and Atrioventricular Conduction Disturbances
Chapter 24
* Cardiac Arrhythmias * Rhythms Originating in the Sinus Node * Rhythms Originating in the Atrium * Rhythms Originating in the Atrioventricular Node * Rhythms Originating in the Ventricle * Long QT Syndrome * Short QT Syndrome * Brugada Syndrome
Chapter 25
* Disturbances of Atrioventricular Conduction * First-Degree Atrioventricular Block * Second-Degree Atrioventricular Block * Third-Degree Atrioventricular Block * Atrioventricular Disassociation
Chapter 26
* Cardiac Pacemakers and Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators in Children * ECGs of Artificial Cardiac Pacemakers * Pacemaker Therapy in Children * Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Therapy
Part VII Special Problems
Chapter 27
* Congestive Heart Failure * Definition * Cause * Pathophysiology of Congestive Heart Failure * Diagnosis * Management
Chapter 28
* Systemic Hypertension * Definition * Normative Blood Pressure Standards * Cause * Diagnosis and Workup * Management * Hypertensive Crisis
Chapter 29
* Pulmonary Hypertension * Definition * Cause * Physiology * Pathogenesis * Pathology * Pathophysiology * Clinical Manifestations * Natural History * Diagnosis * Management * Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia * Diaphragmatic Hernia
Chapter 30
* Child with Chest Pain * Cause and Prevalence * Clinical Manifestations * Diagnostic Approach * Management
Chapter 31
* Syncope * Prevalence * Definition * Causes * Evaluation of a Child with Syncope * Treatment * Differential Diagnosis
Chapter 32
* Palpitation * Definition and Description * Causes * Evaluation * Management
Chapter 33
* Dyslipidemia and Other Cardiovascular Risk Factors * Childhood Onset of Coronary Artery Disease * Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Metabolic Syndrome * Dyslipidemia * Other Risk Factors * Practice of Preventive Cardiology
Chapter 34
* Athletes with Cardiac Problems * Sudden Unexpected Death in Young Athletes * Preparticipation Screening * Classification of Sports * Eligibility Determination for Athletes with Cardiovascular Diseases * Cardiac Arrhythmias and Sports * Athletes with Systemic Hypertension
Chapter 35
* Cardiac Transplantation * Indications * Selection of the Recipient * Evaluation and Management of the Cardiac Donor * Informed Consent from the Family and Recipient * Operative Technique * Early Postoperative Management * Late Post-Transplantation Follow-up * Prognosis
Appendices
Appendix A Miscellaneous
Appendix B Blood Pressure Values
Appendix C Cardiovascular Risk Factors
Appendix D Normal Echocardiographic Values and Images
Appendix E Drugs Used in Pediatric Cardiology
Suggested Readings
Index |